Nanotechnology What is Nano material and Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology What is Nanotechnology?


Nanotechnology is the research and development of nanomaterials. These materials consist of small particles that can be used to make numerous items and designs. Some of them are utilized in consumer products. The use of nanometer scale materials is not new and has been used for hundreds of years. Roman artists realized that silver and gold particles could be used to produce glass as early as the fourth century. In this experiment, the metals were suspended in glass solutions. The product was a cup, which is referred to as the Lycurgus Cup.


Structures


Nanostructures possess characteristics that allow them to be used in numerous applications. Nanostructures are less than one millimeter in size. They can be produced using different techniques. While some techniques are straightforward, like solution processing, others require advanced lithography. Nanostructured substances have a multitude of industrial applications. They can also be useful in numerous applications like bio-medical, textiles, and sensors.


The majority of nanomaterials consist from dispersions made of nanoparticles however some other types of materials incorporate nanostructures. One example is the metal organic frameworks (MOFs) that include nano-voids in their crystal structure. These voids allow the MOFs to act as host for active pharmaceutical ingredients as well as molecules. They can be released directly into tissues thus making them valuable for drug delivery.


Properties


Nanomaterials are tiny atoms with unique physical and chemical properties. Nanoparticles can have a significant influence on their toxicity as well as biological activity. Other characteristics of nanomaterials comprise surface area and chemical properties of the surface. Nanomaterials also have the ability to form agglomerates. These properties are crucial for proper use of nanomaterials.


Since nanoparticles are much smaller than bulk materials, they can react with chemicals. For instance, gold is inert at large-scales, but at nanoscale, it functions as catalyst, by oxidizing carbon monoxide along with other chemicals. Another substance with distinct property is glass. It is fragile and can be damaged or have microcracks that can lead to rapid fractures.


Applications


Nanomaterials are extremely light and robust and can be utilized in numerous ways. They can be utilized to lighten the weight of commercial aircrafts and may even reduce fuel consumption by up to 15 percent. These materials can also reduce the weight by as much as the 63 percent of launch vehicles. These materials can be utilized in numerous areas of our lives, from transportation to medicine.


Biomedical applications are coating vaccines, filters and drugs. Additionally, nanomaterials can assist in the fight against various viruses and diseases.


Health effects


While scientists have gained knowledge about the negative effects of engineered nanomaterials on the human body however, the scientific community has a lot to learn about. There are, for instance, many gaps in our understanding of how nanomaterials get absorbed into the body and the process by which they are transferred. These gaps need to be addressed by additional research.


Nanoparticles can be able to cross cell membranes and get into blood and other organs. They also have greater surface area to volume ratios than bigger particles this means they can hold more molecules. Their toxicity, therefore, is dependent on the chemical composition and properties on the surface. It is possible to modify nanoparticles' surfaces so that they make them less toxic.tongruncms

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